|
Howard Andrew Knox (March 7, 1885 – July 27, 1949) was an American medical doctor specializing in heart and rheumatic diseases. Serving as an assistant surgeon at Ellis Island during the early 1900s, he made major contributions to intelligence testing through the methods he devised to screen immigrants for mental deficiencies...〔Knox, H. A. (1914). A scale, based on the work at Ellis Island, for estimating mental defect. Journal of the American Medical Association, 62(10), 741-747〕 However, at the time of his death, he was most well known as a veteran, a general physician, and a contributing member of his community, and his contributions to intelligence testing had become largely forgotten. Although his work in this area has become largely overlooked, his contributions have served as an important link between early intelligence research and present day intelligence testing.〔Richardson, J. T. (2013). Howard Andrew Knox: pioneer of intelligence testing at Ellis Island. Columbia University Press〕 ==Personal life== Howard Andrew Knox was born on March 7, 1885, in Romeo, Michigan, just north of Detroit, Michigan. He was the only child of Howard Reuben Knox and Jennie Mahaffy Knox. Howard’s father was originally from Ashtabula County, Ohio, and worked as a traveling salesman. Like Howard, his mother Jennie was born in Romeo, although she spent her youth in Ireland until moving back to Ohio as an adolescent to help her father on his farm. Howard’s parents were married in 1879, after which Howard Senior moved in with Jennie to help on her father’s farm in Romeo. When Howard A. was born, the three generations moved together to Ashtabula, Ohio, near Lake Erie. Howard’s parents eventually divorced when his father moved to Virginia for work, although his father remained in touch until his death in the 1920s.〔 In 1894, at the age of nine, Howard’s mother remarried to a man named Leander Blackwell, who, as a medical doctor himself, may have influenced Howard’s career path. Knox met his wife, Marion Dorothy Henderson, while he was at his first job after graduating from medical school. Little is known about Marion, other than that she was the third cousin of Howard’s mother’s side of the family.〔 Howard and Marion were married in 1906, and divorced in 1910 after Howard’s ailing mother had moved in with the married couple which led to a marital dispute.〔 In early 1911, Howard took leave from the army to marry Gladys Barnett Reed, a woman of family wealth from Brooklyn, New York.〔The Journal of The American Medical Association, 56:1〕 Details of how they met are unknown, but it is clear that by marrying Gladys, Howard advanced into a higher social class.〔 Howard and Gladys had a baby girl, Dorothea, on October 28, 1911; and a second daughter, Gladys Sprague Knox, in January 1913.〔 In 1914, Howard and Gladys Knox divorced. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Howard Andrew Knox」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|